{"id":3874,"date":"2026-06-02T11:32:17","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T03:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gh-petro.com\/?p=3874"},"modified":"2026-06-02T11:32:17","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T03:32:17","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a2%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gh-petro.com\/ar\/key-technologies-for-hydrostatic-testing-machines-selection-service-life-optimization-for-split-type-radial-large-gap-seal-booster\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a 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\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/b><\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong><b>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/b><\/strong>\u0648 <strong><b>\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/b><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/b><\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 <strong><b>70\u201380%<\/b><\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/b><\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 <strong><b>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 3,500 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/b><\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><b>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (API 5CT\/ISO 11960)<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a<\/b><\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 <strong><b>2\u201324 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a <strong><b>70\u2013140 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/strong>; \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong><b>\u00b15 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/strong>; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (<strong><b>100\u2013500 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/b><\/strong>) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646) \u0645\u0639 <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 + \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a<\/b><\/strong>; \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a <strong><b>10\u201315 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/b><\/strong>; \u061b \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a <strong><b>4,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/b><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><em><b><i>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><b><i>&amp;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><b><i>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (PU) 90\u201395 \u0634\u0648\u0631 A<\/b><\/strong>(\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062d\u062a\u0649 <strong><b>150 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/strong>) \u0623\u0648 <strong><b>HNBR<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c, <strong><b>\u0645\u0646 -30 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304\/316<\/b><\/strong>(\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644) \u0623\u0648 <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0646 (POM)<\/b><\/strong>\u0623\u0648 <strong><b>PEEK<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong><b>200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/strong>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong><b>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>5\u20131 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/b><\/strong>(\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>15\u201325%<\/b><\/strong>(\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>3\u20136 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/b><\/strong>(3\u20134 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 12 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><em><b><i>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong><b>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0640 <strong><b>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0647\u064a \u201c\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (<strong><b>0.4\u20130.8 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 5\u201310 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/b><\/strong>) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (<strong><b>25\u2013200 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/strong>) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/b><\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c, <strong><b>100 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 P110 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API 5CT<\/b><\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/b><\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (<strong><b>10\u201330 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/b><\/strong>(\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/b><\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 + \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><b>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644)<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/b><\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 (<strong><b>0.4\u20130.8 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/strong>) \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\/\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d. \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 = (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621)\/(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 <strong><b>10:1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100:1<\/b><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621)\u060c, <strong><b>\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/b><\/strong>; \u061b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0640 <strong><b>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u2264100 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u0648 <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/b><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 (60\u201370%)<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/b><\/strong>; \u061b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0640 <strong><b>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 (&gt;100 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644)<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/b><\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (<strong><b>5\u201310 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/strong>) \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 <strong><b>20:1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 200:1<\/b><\/strong>; \u061b \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong><b>200 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a (\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u22641%)<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (75\u201385%)<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/b><\/strong>; \u061b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0640 <strong><b>\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (100\u2013200 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637<\/b><\/strong>; \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/b><\/strong>: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629<\/b><\/strong>; \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0640 <strong><b>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/b><\/strong>: <strong><b>\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/b><\/strong>; \u061b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0640 <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/b><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><b>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 5 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (P_max)<\/b><\/strong>: \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c, <strong><b>API 5CT: 80\u2013120 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/strong>)\u061b \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 <strong><b>\u22651.2\u20131.5\u00d7P_max<\/b><\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 (Q)<\/b><\/strong>: \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 + \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c, <strong><b>\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 10 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a: \u0633\u0639\u0629 50 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u2192 Q \u2265 10 \u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/b><\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/b><\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a (\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0628 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644)\u061b \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong><b>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>2<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/b><\/strong>: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c = \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c, <strong><b>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 6 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u00d7 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 80 = \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062e\u0631\u062c 48 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/b><\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 <strong><b>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u226575%<\/b><\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong><b>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>3<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 NPSH \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0647\u0641<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><b>\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/b><\/strong>: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 <strong><b>NPSHa (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629) \u2265 1.1\u20131.3\u00d7NPSHr (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629)<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><b>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>4<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (TCO)<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/strong>: \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629 (<strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316L + \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\/HNBR<\/b><\/strong>)\u060c \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 (<strong><b>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/b><\/strong>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 (<strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/b><\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/b><\/strong>: \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633)\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 (<strong><b>500\u20131,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/b><\/strong>)\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/b><\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 <strong><b>10,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/b><\/strong>(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631) \u0623\u0648 <strong><b>50,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><b>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a: 8 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 <strong><b>30\u201350%<\/b><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645)<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a <strong><b>\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 5\u201310 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong><b>\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u061b \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/b><\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 <strong><b>90% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632<\/b><\/strong>; \u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/b><\/strong>: \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\/\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 (<strong><b>5\u201310 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/strong>) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a <strong><b>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/b><\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (\u22645%) \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/b><\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 <strong><b>2000\u20133000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0648 <strong><b>3\u20136 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b)\u061b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/b><\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 <strong><b>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634<\/b><\/strong>: \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0634\u0646\u064b\u0627 <strong><b>Ra &gt; 0.8 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/b><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 20\u201340 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (&gt;60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\/\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0631) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u22641 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b 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They verify the structural integrity and pressure resistance of workpieces by applying controlled hydraulic pressure, ensuring compliance with stringent standards like API 5CT, ISO 1167, and ASTM D1598. 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