Overview

Working Principle
The machine operates on the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. High-frequency ultrasonic waves (2–5 MHz) are generated by piezoelectric probes and transmitted into the pipe wall via water-coupling.
- No defect: Ultrasound travels through the wall and reflects from the inner surface, producing a back-wall echo.
- With defect: Waves reflect earlier at discontinuities (cracks, inclusions, laminations), generating a defect echo before the back-wall signal.
- The system calculates defect depth, size, and position based on echo time and amplitude, enabling accurate, repeatable, and high-speed inspection.